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Double the Final Consonant
Double the final consonant in a word that ends in a single consonant preceded by a vowel when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel.
Examples: begin + ing = beginning,
jog + ed = jogged Drop the Silent E
Drop the silent e when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel to a word ending in a silent e
Examples: write + ing = writing,
fame + ous = famous
Keep the Silent E
Keep the silent e when adding the suffix able, ance, or ous to a word ending in soft ce or ge.
Examples: notice + able = noticeable
courage + ous = courageous
Keep the silent e, as well, when adding a suffix beginning with a consonant to a wording ending in silent e.
Examples: complete + ly = completely
safe + ty = safety
Change the Y to I
Change the y to i when adding a suffix to a word ending in a y preceded by a consonant.
Examples: lonely + ness = loneliness
easy + ly = easily
I Before E Except After C
Place i before e except after c. In other words, place e before i after c. This rule works in words in which i and e are pronounced as ee.
Examples: believe, achieve, receive, receipt, yield, thief, niece
E Before I
If the pronunciation of ei is a long a, place e before i.
Emamples: sleigh, weight, reigh, neighbor, freight
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